Godrej Industrial Safety Essay Example For Students

Godrej Industrial Safety Essay SARASWATI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES. Research paper: (Research Methodology Project) Title: Case Study On Godrej Industrial Safety Guide: Prof. Priyadarshini Poddar Name of Author: Chetan Jagtap Date: 22nd February 2010 ABSTRACT Man and machine are two important ingredient of industrial safety. Men need machine which many times bring hazard and accidents this has created the need of industrial safety. It is more important to minimize or eliminate the contact between men and machine are the product of engineering and therefore engineeri-ng occupies the pioneering place in industrial safety. The Project objective is to learn and practically implement the industrial safety theory. To study and analyze safety activities and performance existing in the plant. The purpose of this project is to analyze the accident rate of the plant various safety practices used by the company. Personal Protective Equipment Safe practices is the key to eliminate the hazard accident. The primary data collected from Godrej plant Safety Report. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY IN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY Man and machine are to important ingredient of industrial safety. Men need machine which many times bring hazard and accidents this has created the need of industrial safety. It is more important to minimize or eliminate the contact between men and machine machine are the product of engineering and therefore engineering occupies the pioneering place in industrial safety. Without engineering industries no machine and no mass production is possible. Section 14, 21 to 26, 28 to 35, 87, 88, and IVA of factory act 1948 and rule made under these section by Gujarat factories rule provides safety measures machinery, processes, and accidents. The provision are for safety from dust , machinery in motion, power cutting devices, self acting machine, carrier of new machinery, hoist and lifts, lifting machine, revolving machine, floor, stairs, means of access, excessive weight, protection of eyes and hazardous processes in ferrous and non ferrous metallurgical industries and foundries, core industries, grinding or glazzing of metal , electroplating of metal. Godrej at a Glance†¦ In the year 1997, Godrej Boyce celebrated their centenary year. This dynamic organization has progressed tremendously since its inception and has been gaining strength consistently. Quality is the hallmark of the all the Godrej products and any product with the Godrej mark represent quality, dependability satisfaction to its customers. What now is a gainful industrial organization was a brainchild of Mr. Ardeshir Godrej, which through the help dedicated men with tremendous foresight and finely honed engineering and marketing skills, has become one of the biggest houses in India. His brother Mr. Phirozshah Godrej under his leadership the organization grew and diversified further carried on the founders pioneering work. In 1905 Godrej built his first safe thus vetting foot in to the security equipment business which at eight years from its century has become 100 crores turnover division with almost no competition in the Indian market and global presence in this field. Former expansion came in 1923 with the introduction of steel shelves with industrialization growing at a brisk space need for office equipment like chairs, tables, filing cabinets and movable partition system, etc. was felt in 1937. In 1955, started the production of one item without which no office in India could be completed The Typewriters. This indigenously built all Indian typewriters has made Godrej one of the leading manufactures of typewriters in India. Realizing todays need this branch has also set foot in the field of electronics typewriter, projectors and basic models of word processor. The next Godrej product to sweep the Indian market was the steel cupboard in 1958. This product to have become a regular sight in houses homes. This was then followed by another product, which passed many a milestone since its conception and which to have become a household name The Godrej Refrigerator. The manufacture of a range of hospital furniture. The steel locks for Libraries in 1936, designed to keep up with modern library methods, canteens equipment made to the latest design in 1951 and auditorium chairs in 1954, make contribution of Godrej to national welfare. In 1953, Godrej started manufacturing tools crib and cabinets for systematic adaptable, fully accessible storage. In order to keep up with modern with growing needs of industries, Godrej entered another progressive phase in 1957 with manufacture of ink tool for internal as well as external use. The first Godrej Mechanical Press Breaks were made in 1942 and son almost every plant at Godrej was using this. The long life, quality and performance at these miles are reflected in the excellence of Godrej products. In 1960, in collaboration with M/s. Clart International, started the manufacturing of Forklift trucks, both types which can be operated by fuel and electric with capacity ranging from one ton to sixteen tones which have item and again proved there worth as a rigged and versatile material handling equipment with the field of welding technology gaining importance and recognition Godrej has setup one of the most modernized units for the fabrication of large pressure vessels and other equipment. The most recent achievement by Godrej was made when it acquired the ISO 9000, ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 certificate which former reinforced the rest of not only the Indian market but also the global market in the product of Godrej. Today Godrej employee over 15,000 people and has grown in to a multi-crores professionally managed group with far reaching service and distribution network. Economy and Services† are being the main motto of Godrej they have already diversified in to field of Indian industry thus helping in the economic growth of the country. Production range of the Company at Vikhroli†¦ |Plant No. Name of the Plant / Division |Product | | | | | |1 |Steel Processing Plant |Steel Al blanks | | | | | |2 |GODREJ Appliances Limited |Refrigerators, etc; | | |O. E. Division (Furniture Business) | | |3 | |Furniture | | |GODREJ Applications Limited | | |4 | | | | |Tool Room Division | | |5 | |External Internal jobs | | |Storage | | |7 | | | | |Machine Tool Division | | |8 | |Presses Press Tool | | |O. E. Division (Storewel Business) | | |9 | |Stonewell | | |Stonewell solution Business | | |10 | |Storage solutions | | |O. E. Division (Furniture Business) | | |11 | |Chairs | | |Precision Equipment Division | | |12 | Reactors, Pressure vessels, | | |Material Handling Equipment Division |Fork Lift Trucks | |13 | | | | |Security Equipment Division | | | | |Security equipments | |14 | |Like Safes, Strong Doors, Avanti Doors, etc. | | | | | | |Locks | | |Locks Division | | | | | | |15 | | | | | | | | | | | OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY : Research can be defined as a systemized effort to gain new knowledge. A research is carried out by different methodologies which have their own pros and cons. Research methodology is a way to solve research in study and solving research problems along with logic behind them are defined through research methodology. Thus while talking about research methodologies we are not only talking of research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods. We are in context of our research studies and explain why it is being used a particular method or technique and why the others are not used. So that research result is capable of being evaluated either by researcher himself or by others. ASSUMPTIONS: 1. It has been assumed that sample of 25 workers represents the whole population. 2. The information given by the workers of Godrej is unbiased. COLLECTION OF DATA: This research is solely based on primary research done by means of questionnaires targeted to workers. The sample size is 25. Survey has been conducted in Godrej at Vikhroli. Referred Various Books links related to Industrial Safety Godrej industry. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH OBJECTIVE QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARATION REASEARCH METHOD QUALITATIVE METHOD (QUESTIONNAIRE) DATA INTERPRETATION DATA ANALYSIS CONCLUSION Introduction to Plant – 17 Plant no. 17 is one of the plants of the O. E. Division (Office Equipment Division). O. E. Division is the biggest division in Godrej Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. Under the O. E. Division falls business like: †¢ Office Furniture Business. †¢ Security Equipment Business. †¢ Storewel. †¢ Strong Solutions Group. Steel Procurement Plant. Plant no. 17 is manufacturing the Security Equipments. Godrej is the first Indian Company to manufacture safes of quality comparable to that other well-known international makes. If viewed from a board perspective plant-17 consists of mainly two divisions, Manufacturing and Marketing. The manufacturing line mainly consists of the assemblies. They are: †¢ Assembly I (RPE Group) †¢ Assembly II (SDLC Group) †¢ Assembly III (Safe Group) †¢ Assembly IV (Strong Door) †¢ Assembly V (Avanti home security doors/Fire Doors) †¢ Assembly VI (ATM) Various Products manufactured in Plant 17 are: †¢ Defender Plus Safes †¢ Strong Door Safe Deposit Locker Cabinet †¢ Fire Resisting Record Cabinet and Filling Cabinet †¢ Dataline datasafe,Dataline ‘M’,Matrix safe †¢ Avanti Home Security Doors ( Recently introduced in market) †¢ Electronic Safes SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The main function of the safety department is to advice assists the management in the fulfilment of its obligation concerning prevention of personal injuries and maintaining safe working environment. The safety department conducts various training programme s for the employees assists the management in functioning of safety committee. General safety training such as Basic Principles of Accident prevention, Fire fighting prevention, Housekeeping etc. is given to all employees. The specific training such as Welding safety, Safety in power presses etc. is given to the employees performing specific work. The purchase department is advised in the matter relating to selection of personal protective equipment. The departments of the plant are advised in planning organising measures necessary for the effective control of personal injuries. Company’s OCCUPATINAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY: Our management firmly believes that people constitute the principal asset of our business and industry. A company can gain competitive advantage by supplying superior products services. The Necklace EssayNO |YEAR |2005-2006 |2006-2007 |2007-2008 | |1 |REPORTABLE |8 |3 |1 | |2 |NON REPORTABLE |56 |69 |50 | Analysis based on TIME |SR. No |Year |7. 00-9. 00 |9. 00-11. 00 |11. 30-13. 00 |13. 00-14. 00 |14. 00-15. 30 |IInd shift | |1. |2005-06 |15 |18 |9 |7 |3 |5 | |2. |2006-07 |15 |21 |6 |12 |4 |8 | |3. |2007-08 |13 |13 |7 |6 |4 |7 | OBSERVATION: 1. It is observed that most of the accident had taken place early in the morning session. It might be because the workers are not that active in morning session as compare to later part of the day. 2. The reason for the accident may be to the negligence, inadequate knowledge, or due to the unsafe act to complete the job before time. 3. Accident may be due to poor illumination during night shift or in the work place. SUGGESTION: 1. The work area should be properly illuminated. 2. Before getting to the job in morning their should be a practice of making the workers some sort of exercise so that they should be alert at the time of job. 3. Standard operating procedure should be given to carry out the job. 4. If required the workers should be given frequent intervals for rest. Accident analysis based on FR, SR, FSI SR NO |YEAR |FR |SR |FSI | |1. |2003-2204 |5 |153 |1 | |2. |2006-2007 |1. 81 |63. 98 |0. 34 | |3. |2007-2008 |0 |0 |0 | Accident analysis based on Body part injury wise | |Body Part | Year |Face |Finger |Leg |Arm |Head |Wrist |Chest |Elbow |Back |Abdomen | |2005-2006 |3 |37 |9 |4 |5 |1 |1 |2 |1 |1 | |2006-2007 |3 |41 |11 |7 |5 |2 |0 |1 |1 |1 | |2007-2008 |3 |28 |6 |9 |3 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | | HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ANALYSIS ( HIRA) Before implementation of OHSAS 18001 accident investigation is done after an accident happens. But in OHSAS 18001 Hazard Identification Risk Analysis is done before an accident happens. HIRA Chart (Hazard Identification Risk Analysis) visualizes possible hazards involved in each activity done by the workmen. This helps in minimizing or completely eliminating the hazards, before any accident occurs. ? ACCIDENT: It is any unplanned, undesirable unaccepted incident, which causes damage or injury within or out of plant. TYPES OF ACCIDENT: 1) Reportable accident 2) Non-reportable accident 3) Near miss accident INCIDENT : An incident is an event which realizes the damage potential of a hazard. Obviously, an incident has to be relevan t to the hazard. Incidents can be quite simple, but often they are complex, with a number of events combining to cause the incident. For example, an escape of corrosive substance could, under different consequences lead to: ? Human exposure ? Environmental exposure ? Equipment exposure and we could construct event trees which would describe events leading to any of these three. Incidents cannot only vary in type but in frequency, and in risk analysis the frequencies and the probabilities of events leading to an incident are assessed to determine risk. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION : Though the safety standards of Godrej And Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd fulfill the requirement, the safety system may be improved by adopting certain recommendations. Following are the points, which are recommended: ? Safety induction training should be given to each and every workers. ? Work permit system should be strictly followed. ? PPE should be provided to each and every employee. ? To improve moral and efficiency of workers by creating safe environment. Looking to huge strength of departmental and central employees, more number of training programmed in safety, first aid and motivation need to be conducted frequently to cover each employee of organization. ? More number of safety posters, films, and design boards are required to be displayed to create interest of workers in safety. ? Short cut methods, improper use of tools, tackles, etc. should be discouraged by one and all. ? Checklist should be developed for all activities and items of work involved in plant. ? Only authorized workers should be allowed to drive the fork lift trucks. ? Safety suggestion box shall be provided in each section for getting better feed back/ suggestion about the safety issues related to the plant from the workers. ANNEXRE : (QUESTIONAIRE FOR WORKERS) Name: . Company Name: . 1) If you come across a hazard in your workplace, you do not need to report it unless you are a member of the Safety Committee or are the dedicated Safety Officer. TRUE or FALSE 2) You should always take time to assess hazards when starting in a new workplace. TRUE or FALSE 3) Good housekeeping is everyone’s responsibility. TRUE or FALSE 4) Laying electrical cords in water is OK as they work better when wet. TRUE or FALSE 5) It is ok to place an item in the way of a fire exit as long as you remove it within 24hrs. TRUE or FALSE 6) Every injury must be reported to your supervisor AND Advantage Recruitment. TRUE or FALSE 7) If an object is too difficult to handle, you should use mechanical aids or ask for help. TRUE or FALSE 8) Drugs and Alcohol are prohibited in work places. TRUE or FALSE 9) It is OK to enter a confined space if you don’t hold a confined space ticket, as long as you are very careful and have seen someone do it before. TRUE or FALSE 10) Your shift has finished, but just before you leave you spill something on the floor, you should: ) Ask a workmate to please clean it up when they get a spare minute. b) Immediately display ‘Caution, wet floor’ sign, clean up the mess thoroughly and ensure the area is safe before you leave. c) Leave it for someone else to clean up and hope that no one notices it was you that made the mess in the first place. 11) What does MSDS stand for? a) Material Safety Data Sheet b) Mass Storage Device System c) Manual System of Dangerous Substances 12) If you find one of your co-workers being electrocuted, what should you do? a) Call for assistance and wait for the electrocution to cease. b) Don’t touch the person, isolate the supply and obtain assistance ) Pull the person away from the electrocution device, pour water over it in order to eliminate the chance of it catching on fire, then seek assistance for your co-worker. 13) What does PPE stand for? a) Professional Paid Employment b) It does not stand for anything. It is another name for a hard hat. c) Personal Protective Equipment 14) Under what circumstance can you remove your hearing protection when in a noisy area that has signs posted stating hearing protection must be worn? a) If you are talking to a fellow employee and are having troubles hearing them. b) If it starts to get uncomfortable, as all safety equipment should fit comfortably. ) Under no circumstance. Removing your hearing protection in a noisy environment for even a short amount of time can cause damage. ? BIBLIOGRAPHY: I thank the following people for providing valuable information guidance WEBSITES : 1) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Godrej_Group 2) www. godrej. com 3) http://www. new. godrej. com/godrej/GodrejAppliances/index. aspx 4) www. godrejinfotech. com Legal Core Group  ¦ Safety Dept  ¦ Maintenance Dept  ¦ Paint Shop  ¦ Stores Disposal Dept. OHS Head Employee Rep Head Legal Core Group Assoc. Mgr Safety CFS Head – Safety Committee Vice President Division Head (Security Equipment Division) DEB Exec. Director President PDL SAFETY INSPECTION Inspection should be carried out after every one or two section by management team. Safety officer/engineer should have an inspection of every section on every day. Preparation of safety inspection report explaining to concerned engineer/supervisor submission of that report to the section manager. Fatal accident Reportable accidents Non Reportable Accidents Near misses or First Aid Shrinking the base by eliminating Unsafe behaviours and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ Shrinking the height by establishing Inherently safer processes and 1 30 300 3,000 30000 Hazards : Unsafe Act Unsafe Condition

Function And Old Neoclassical Equilibrium †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Function And Old Neoclassical Equilibrium? Answer: Introduction This study analyses the assumptions of neo classical production function critically. Neo-classical production function is the function of two inputs such as labour and capital. A Neo classical production function has several assumptions to simply the analysis. Cobb-Douglas production function is mostly used neo classical production function in economic analysis. Several authors have criticized some of the assumptions. Assumptions of neo classical production function The assumptions of neo classical production function are as follows: i) The production function is differentiable with positive marginal productivity of the factors o production. ii) The factors exhibit the law of diminishing returns. iii) The factors of production are substitutable among themselves in a perfectly competitive market. Factors are perfectly mobile. iv) Absence of externality in production Philosophical critics According to the claim of the heterodox economics, the nature of neo classical production function, the substitution effect has not much effect in real economy (Fuss and McFadden 2014). However, in the view of Chen (2012), Cobb-Douglas production function has many real life applications. Moreover, the production only considers the effect of change in capital and labour. It cannot explain the residual element of the production function such as technology in Solow growth model. Schefold (2014) stated that neo classical production function estimates elasticity of output with respect to labour and capital according to the. However, this method of measuring output elasticity is not the correct one. Practically this estimation shows the share of profit in production and share of wage in income. Another assumption of the neo-classical theorists is that both the product and factor market are perfectly competitive, which is unrealistic. There exist other types of market structure such as monopolistic competition, monopoly and oligopoly. Therefore, production function varies across different sectors of the economy (Davis 2013). The neo classical production function assumes perfect mobility among the factors, which is not always possible in reality. Some of the industries are capital intensive, whereas some of are labour intensive. Hence, the mobility of factors is constrained by their productivity and requirement in the industry (Felipe and McCombie 2014). As depicted by Dosi et al. (2014), mathematical model of Cobb-Douglas model has similarity with the equation of national accounting identity derivative. However, Schefold (2014) mentioned that Cobb-Douglas production function correctly establish relationship with the national accounts, if the wage share is constant and technological progress is considered in production function. Fuss and McFadden (2014) cited that technological progress in the neo classical production function has been assumed linear. Dosi et al. (2014) contradicted this view to state that technological progress fluctuates overtime. Every production process has some externalities irrespective of primary, secondary or tertiary sectors of the economy. The externality may be positive or negative. Therefore, the assumption of no externality is unrealistic. Conclusion The analysis of production function is an important concept in mainstream Neo classical economics. Main inputs in this production function are labour and capital. Technology is used in this model as a residual factor in the production. This factor facilitates the production process. Despite having numerous uses, many economists have criticised this production function due to some of its unrealistic assumptions. The report has critically analysed the limitations of these assumptions References Chen, B.Y., 2012. Classification of $ h $-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution.Tamkang Journal of Mathematics,43(2), pp.321-328. Davis, J.B., 2013.The theory of the individual in economics: Identity and value. Routledge. Dosi, G., Grazzi, M., Marengo, L. and Settepanella, S., 2014. Production theory: accounting for firm heterogeneity and technical change. Felipe, J. and McCombie, J.S.L., 2014. The aggregate production function:Not even wrong.Review of Political Economy,26(1), pp.60-84. Fuss, M. and McFadden, D. eds., 2014.Production Economics: A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications: Applications of the Theory of Production(Vol. 2). Elsevier. Klump, R., McAdam, P. and Willman, A., 2012. The normalized CES production function: theory and empirics.Journal of Economic Surveys,26(5), pp.769-799. Pahlavan, R., Omid, M. and Akram, A., 2012. Energy inputoutput analysis and application of artificial neural networks for predicting greenhouse basil production.Energy,37(1), pp.171-176. Raurich, X., Sala, H. and Sorolla, V., 2012. Factor shares, the price markup, and the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor.Journal of Macroeconomics,34(1), pp.181-198. Schefold, B., 2014. Marx, the Production Function and the Old Neoclassical Equilibrium: Workable under the Same Assumptions?. InContribution to the Conference What have we learnt on Classical Economy since Sraffa(pp. 16-17). Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2012. Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), pp.2765-2784.

Writing Sample Persuasive Essay With Works Cited

Writing Sample Persuasive Essay With Works CitedThis is an exercise for students in high school to demonstrate their writing skills using a sample persuasive essay with works cited. The student should be aware that this type of essay is not a test of his or her writing ability but rather a guide to show which types of style are not effective in persuasive writing and how they can be used to create impressive results.The concept behind this exercise is to show how a student can use the works cited in a persuasive essay as references for supporting points. A student may choose to include a works cited paragraph in the essay to serve as a starting point for his or her reading. By doing so, the student will already be familiar with the types of works referenced and will have a basic idea about what they are.There are a number of different rhetorical structures used in persuasive writing. These structures include in arguments, tenses, and topic sentences. In order to see how these techniq ues work in the works cited example, the student should know the basics of rhetorical structures. The student should be able to determine the different rhetorical structures in the form of question, answer, and conclusion and will also be able to identify the difference between inflections.Students should be aware that in order to successfully complete this exercise in persuasive essay, they must learn how to use persuasive language effectively. They must be able to focus on what is being said and then speak with force and authority when it comes to a topic. To use persuasive language effectively, the student should also be able to use the correct and appropriate types of tense and in the proper contexts. When they are able to use these skills, the student will be able to convince the reader by using persuasive language.The student must also use informative rhetoric in order to be successful in this exercise. The topics of the works cited should be well researched and documented wit h evidence. The student should not necessarily rely on his or her own research, but instead he or she should use the research of others to make the point more effectively.The student should also use rhetorical questions in order to persuade the reader. When it comes to persuasive essay, a persuasive question is any question that aims to influence the reader to agree with the student's point of view. When the reader is influenced, the student will be able to convince the reader to agree with the argument or at least to think about the argument and come up with their own opinion.In order to complete the persuasive essay with works cited, the student must also be able to place emphasis on the right words and be able to determine what the right words are and use them appropriately. He or she should be able to point out weaknesses in the argument in the form of a citation and demonstrate how the weaknesses can be corrected with appropriate citations. When he or she can correctly identify what the appropriate citations are, the student should be able to provide adequate support for the point he or she is trying to make in the form of citations.By taking the time to complete this sample persuasive essay with works cited, students will be able to show how the language used in persuasive essays can be used to influence the reader. They will also be able to demonstrate their understanding of the use of rhetorical structures in order to convince the reader to agree with their point of view.

Spirituals Africanized America free essay sample

Spirituals Africanized America Claudia Androgen Vega Barstow Community College When people talk about music, do they ever wonder where all these great expressions come from? Music Is general Is such a broad subject, but In the case of American music, there Is one Important root: The African American Spirituals. These Negro Spiritual songs like, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, The Wings of Atlanta, Been a -listening, and The Dawn of freedom express the sorrow and suffering of African American people to the world (Dills, Hansen, Parfait, 2011).In the late 18th and early 19th century these songs became popular and have influenced future American music genre (Jones, 2004)). This Influence can be seen in blues, Jazz, rock and roll, hip-hop, and rap. Spirituals relegated from the encounter between African slaves and Christianity. These slaves thought Charlatanry hypocritical due to the love white Americans professed and the slavery they applied. Regardless of the actions of white Americans, slaves still believed in the wonderful stories of the Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirituals Africanized America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is what led them to express themselves in songs Ones, 2004).Of the Negro spiritual, like Du Bois said, the Negro folk-song-?the rhythmic cry of the slave-?stands etc-day not simply as the sole American music, but as the most beautiful expression of human experience born this side the seas (Talks, Hansen, Parfait, 2011, peg. 137). Spirituals were the first manifestations of their newly African American culture. These songs were passing a message from the past to Du Bois present; therefore he did not identify them as African songs but sole American music. Spirituals were not like the songs people know now. They were more like a ;call and response method; improvising a phrase followed by a repeat response which sometimes became the chorus of the song (Origins of Jazz, n. D. ). These songs became popular at the end of the eighteen- century and during the last years of legalized slavery (Jones, 2004). Du Bolls explains that thanks to a blacksmiths son. Who defended once Cincinnati from a Confederate General, these songs became known all over the U. S. , Ireland, Scotland, Holland, and Switzerland. He formed a school for black children in Nashville. In 1866, He passed n to these children the spirituals he had learned as a child.Once these children sang and passed into his soul with their voices, He knew they were ready to let the world hear them. There were four poor black boys and five girls who traveled fighting cold and hunger. Until they had the opportunity to sang to the Congregational Council at Oberlin (Dills, Hansen, Parfait, 2011). People were amazed by the message of these children that finally surfaced to the world. They sang for seven years in the United States and Europe, and finally returned home with a hundred and fifty housing dollars to give rise to Fish University (Dills, Hansen, Parfait, 2011).After Slavery ended and couple years after spirituals surfaced, the songs started to fade past. Thus, they were still used for worship at African American churches Cones, 2004). Finally American music started to take a new turn. It was called Blues. This new genre of music had many similarities with the spirituals because it rose from similar conditions: hardship. Early blues had the same structure as the call and response of the spirituals. An example of early blues is Good Morning Blues by Leadenly. It emphasized call and response with the new blues rhythm (Blues Roots, n. D).Though these songs delivered a different message, they talked about their visions of the future and success rather than complaints. With the European influence, black people created a new genre of American music called Jazz. They followed some of the call and response pattern but with the help of European instruments (Origin of Jazz, n. D). Some of these instruments were trombone and, piano and they kept African instruments like the banjo and fiddle (Origin of Jazz, n. D). In the early twentieth century, Jazz was considered to be a low class genre. This is because it went against the regular classic standards of the music of the time.Early jazzs similarity with spirituals is that their lyrics were not written. Its lyrics were improvised and so was its rhythm. Jazz played a huge role in southern culture and identity (Origin of Jazz, n. D). An example of early Jazz is Sobbing Blues by King Olivers Creole Jazz Band. Spirituals influenced Rock n Roll in a similar way. After the end slavery, the new songs that were written did not speak of freedom anymore until the Civil Rights Movement. This movement was started by the minorities in order to have the same civil rights as every other American Cones, 2004).

Tradition and Treason

Tradition and Treason Tradition and Treason Tradition and Treason By Mark Nichol Curiously, a word referring to the handing down of beliefs and customs and one pertaining to a breakdown in fidelity to a political system, which is based on beliefs and customs, though they are not antonyms, have a common etymology. This post discusses these words and several others with the same ancestor. The words listed below all derived from tradere, a Latin verb meaning â€Å"deliver† or â€Å"hand over.† That word, in turn, stems from a combination of the Latin preposition trans, meaning â€Å"over† (seen in words such as transfer and transport) and the Latin verb dare, meaning â€Å"do.† Interestingly, however, though to trade is to deliver or hand over (in return for something else), the English word trade is not related; its origin is the Germanic trade, meaning â€Å"course† or â€Å"track† and cognate with tread. (Likewise, the English verb and noun dare is from Old English, not Latin.) Tradition comes from traditionem, referring to an act of delivery or handing over; the adjectival and adverbial forms are traditional and traditionally. (Trad occasionally appears as a slang abbreviation of traditional.) Adherence to tradition is called traditionalism, and one who advocates that philosophy is a traditionalist. Extradition, meanwhile, refers to handing over, as when the authorities in one country deliver a fugitive to those in the country in which he or she committed a crime; the verb is extradite. This fugitive may very well be a traitor to the country to which he or she is being extradited. Traitor, from the Latin noun traditor by way of French, means â€Å"one who delivers,† originally in the sense of information injurious to one nation and beneficial to an antagonistic country. By extension, one who merely betrays another’s trust may be branded a traitor. The act of betrayal is called treason, and the adjectival form is treasonous (and, less often, treasonable, with the adverbial form treasonably); however, treasonously is not employed as an adverb. (Treachery and its similarly inflected adjectival and adverbial forms is a similar-looking but unrelated synonym.) Speaking of betray, that word’s root stems from tradere as well. (An act of unfaithfulness is betrayal, and the actor is a betrayer.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON SURVEYS OF VALUE-BASED MANAGEMENT Research Paper

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON SURVEYS OF VALUE-BASED MANAGEMENT - Research Paper Example VBM has come to replace them all as a better management technique (Brigham, and Houston, 2009). though there is still something that cannot be taken for granted in any such novelty, i.e. the degree of efficacy in real world business contexts. It’s all the more imperative to consider this sudden spurt of interest in VBM as against profit-based approaches that were hitherto adopted by both small and big companies in order to measure financial performance of the company (Brigham, and Ehrhardt,2007). According to those vociferous critics of the method this annual ritual has had very little success by way of a system of acceptable metrics that truly demonstrated real or discounted cash flows of the company. Such palliatives are to be abandoned now and a more realistic system of metrics based on verifiable and measurable concepts ought to be adopted. It’s here that VBM comes as both a reliable tool and a systematic approach. Capital structure of the firm as divided into equity and debt has been of little significance to an outsider except for an investment consultant and a professional investor because the bewildering system of metrics doesn’t mean anything to the layman. This particular instance of failure associated with many other approaches to management has oft been cited as one of the very sound bases for a new management approach by critics. Thus the concept of VBM has come handy in this context too, owing to the fact that orthodox management approaches are all none too well defined to include performance related dynamics (Copeland, and Dolgoff, 2005). In other words capital must be invested in the business only when its rate of return exceeds the cost of it. Value parameters of VBM are quite well defined to include such variables as tax exemptions on capital investment and the corresponding value gains in alternate investments. Net returns on investment ought to be predictable and therefore uncertainty

How Do The Specific Course Materials Connect, Align, Support, and Term Paper

How Do The Specific Course Materials Connect, Align, Support, and Intersect With Concepts Addressed In The Book The Servant - Term Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that effective leadership is one of the major attributes of organizational success. Northouse has described leadership as a process that assists individual to influence a group of people in terms of achieving a common goal. Leadership acts as a catalyst to influence four fundamental factors of an organization’s productivity such as labor, land, entrepreneurship, and capital. The leadership style of management or owners is very important for effectively structuring the culture of the organization. There are a number of leadership styles that have been evaluated and examined by researchers overall period of time. As per Selznick, the style of leadership must differ according to the structure of the organization, work culture and personality as well as tolerance of subordinates. Hunter has described the effectiveness and importance of servant leadership for organizational management in his book â€Å"The Servant†. The theory of s ervant leadership illustrates that in order to increase the effectiveness of leadership activities a leader needs to serve first. Rather than a leadership style or technique, servant leadership can be described as a pattern of behavior that can assist management to gather long-term benefit. Hunter has described the impact and application of this leadership style through the tale of a business executive and his failure as a boss, coach, father, and husband.